Analog Devices’ Latest PLL/VCO Device, the ADF4371, Delivers Groundbreaking Low Phase Noise and Spur Performance

Introduction

Increasing demands for frequency bandwidth, throughput, and dynamic range in communications systems, together with the need for higher antenna frequencies used in millimeter wave 5G, have all placed further demands on the quality of the local oscillator (LO) or clock used in communications or mixedsignal systems, respectively

The newly released integrated phase-locked loop (PLL) and voltage controlled oscillator (VCO), the ADF4371, and the similar ADF4372, showcase Analog Devices’ efforts to address the needs of these demanding applications.

Frequency Coverage

To maximize frequency coverage, the ADF4371/ADF4372 VCO covers an octave range from 4 GHz to 8 GHz, and, by using frequency dividers at the output, dividing by 1/2/4/8/16/32/64 allows full frequency coverage at the main RF8 output of between 62.5 MHz to 8000 MHz. A second identical output is provided to allow a user to drive a converter clock. The open-loop VCO phase noise is –109 dBc/Hz at 100 kHz offset for the 8 GHz output frequency.

Until recently, generating high frequencies required the use of external frequency multipliers, typically fabricated on GaAs processes, and they often demanded additional filtering, along with amplification, to overcome the effect of the filtering.

To achieve higher frequencies, the ADF4371/ADF4372 contain an integrated frequency doubler, which provides 8 GHz to 16 GHz output at the differential RF16 pins. The ADF4371 also features a frequency quadrupler that generates from 16 GHz to 32 GHz at the RF32 differential output. To minimize the generation of unwanted multiplier products, the ADF4371/ADF4372 contain tracking filters that optimize the power level of the desired frequency while suppressing the unwanted multiplier products. On the doubled output, the VCO feedthrough is –45 dBc. On the quad output, the suppression is approximately –35 dBc.

Leading PLL Performance for Converter Clocks

Improvements to the PLL circuitry mean the ADF4371/ADF4372 devices have a PLL figure of merit (FOM) as low as –234 dBc/Hz that, when together with a correspondingly low 1/f noise of –127 dBc/Hz (normalized to 1 GHz output frequency at 10 kHz offset), allows users to generate clocks with an rms jitter number as low as 40 fs (1 kHz to 100 MHz integration limit), making them very suitable for use in the most demanding converter clock applications. A simple low-pass filter with small resistors is recommended in order to minimize the resistor noise, which may appear in the loop. A high frequency (250 MHz or 125 MHz using the reference frequency doubler) ultralow noise reference source is essential for achieving such low noise. The phase frequency detector (PFD) can operate up to a maximum of 250 MHz in integer-N applications. The doubled VCO differential output at RF16 can be used to interface directly to some ADI converters without the need for external balun circuitry, which would increase cost and performance. No degradation in performance from 6.144 GHz to 12.288 GHz is expected.

Communications and Instrumentation LOs

For wireless and instrumentation applications, the ADF4371/ADF4372 contain 39-bit resolution sigma-delta modulators, which enable frequency generation with submillihertz resolution with 0 Hz error. In this case, the ADF4371 PFD operates up to a maximum of 160 MHz PFD frequency. In these applications, the ADF4371/ADF4372 deliver <48 fs rms jitter. The ADF4371 also has industry-leading PLL spurious performance, with PFD spurious as low as –100 dBc and in-band, unfiltered integer boundary spurious as low as –55 dBc. This performance level greatly simplifies frequency planning and reduces time to market. Many fractional-N PLL and VCO devices have unpredictable fractional-N spurious mechanisms, which can lead to additional unplanned characterization and frequency planning, which add complexity and cost.

Small Size

The ADF4371/ADF4372 PLL/VCO devices are available in 7 mm × 7 mm, 48-lead land grid array (LGA) packages. Minimal additional decoupling is required, meaning exceptional performance exists in a small footprint solution.

To achieve the best performance, the use of high quality low dropout (LDO) regulators such as the ADM7150 or LT3045 are recommended. The VCO can be supplied with either 3.3 V or 5 V, and the remaining circuitry is powered from a 3.3 V rail. The ADF4371 can be simulated in ADIsimPLL^™ to assist the user in designing the appropriate external component circuitry required to implement a full PLL system.

Conclusion

Industry-leading frequency coverage, performance, and small form factor combine on the ADF4371 to address the high demands of new communication and instrumentation systems.